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F#
Most of you would know what C# (C-Sharp) is?
if you are not not sure what I am talking about, please take some time and glance through
http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/language.asp.
Let me come to the point. we have heard of C#? How about F#?

Check this out
F#
Combining the safety and productivity of ML and Caml with the libraries,
tools and cross-language working of .NET

F# is an implementation of the core of the Caml programming language for the .NET Framework, along with cross-language extensions. The aim is to have it work together seamlessly with C#, Visual Basic, SML.NET and other .NET programming languages. In particular it is the first ML language where all the types and values in an ML program can be accessed from some significant languages (e.g. C#) in a predictable and friendly way.

More info.... http://research.microsoft.com/projects/ilx/fsharp.aspx